My Family History Diabetes - 1152 Words

After thorough research into my family history I’ve realized that my family has a history of developing diabetes. Also known as Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases that develop in the human body because of too much sugar in the blood system. There are different types of diabetes such as type one, type two, prediabetes, and gestational diabetes. Type-one diabetes is a chronic condition, in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin. Type-two diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar. Prediabetes is a condition when your blood sugar is high, but not high enough to be type-two diabetes. The final type of diabetes is Gestational diabetes which is a form of high blood sugar affecting only pregnant women. The human body needs an adequate amount of insulin production, so when your blood cells are deprived of insulin you develop diabetes. Diabetes affects over 382,000,000 people worldwide, so in perspective that’s ever one in eleven Americans has some form of diabetes. According to the center for disease control statistics,† out of the twenty-nine million people that have diabetes in the U.S, only twenty-one million have been diagnosed†. Which means about a quarter of Americans don’t even know they have diabetes yet. My family’s medical history consists of a variety of diseases such as diabetes, prostate cancer and AIDS. When we eat certain foods our body breaks down the food into glucose. Glucose is our body’s main source ofShow MoreRelatedFamily : My Family Health Background1235 Words   |  5 Pages My Family Health Background Denise Xylia Lagua California State University, East Bay â€Æ' My Family Health Background Family medical history is relevant for everyone to know and understand. It can be helpful in determining the kind of lifestyle a person should adapt in order to live longer and better. My family, which includes my paternal and maternal great-grandparents, my paternal and maternal grandparents, and my parents, is from the Philippines. Our traditions have not changed until my parentsRead MoreA Short Note On Diabetes Mellitus Type II1041 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch paper is Diabetes Mellitus Type II. Diabetes is one of the major chronic diseases caused by the insulin resistance that body generates within. It is a serious public health issue currently. There are different types of diabetes we encounter nowadays, but the three main types are Type I, Type II and gestational diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus,2005-2016). The type II diabetes is a non-controlled disease and it is the most common and also known as non-insulin dependent diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus,2005-2016)Read MoreAre You Afrai d Of Needles?1414 Words   |  6 Pagesfinger every day for the rest of your life? I can’t. With Diabetes this is your reality. Many people around the world have this complicated disease. One of my first memories of this disease, was when my grandmother’s blood sugar was very low. She started to shake, fainted and my aunts ran over to give her a shot. Later through the years I found out that they gave her an insulin shot and that my grandmother had Diabetes. This disease runs in my family, but I realize that I do not want to develop this diseaseRead MoreA Short Note On Diabetes Mellitus Type II1039 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch paper is Diabetes Mellitus Type II. Diabetes is one of the major chronic diseases caused by the insulin resistance that body generates within. It is a serious public health issue currently. There are different types of diabetes we encounter nowadays, but the three main types are Type I, Type II and gestational diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus,2005- 2016). The type II diabetes is a non-controlled disease and it is the most common and also known as non-insulin dependent diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus,2005-2016)Read MoreA Brief Note On Diabetes And The American Diabetes Association1472 Words   |  6 PagesTreatment There are a few main areas to look at when talking about treating type one diabetes according to the American Diabetes Association. One of those areas is monitoring your blood glucose levels. Blood glucose is also known as blood sugar and checking this regularly will help your doctors ensure that your medication is effectively treating your condition. The American Diabetes Association recommends keeping a blood glucose log, and patients can find one on their website. A few complicationsRead MoreCoping With Diabetes Mellitus Type II1711 Words   |  7 PagesCoping With Diabetes As a patient, coping with being newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, can be very stressful for the patient and family members involved in the patient plan of care. The patient will have to make drastic lifestyle changes in order to be in compliance with the recommended treatment by the members of the health care team. Being a patient, making the necessary lifestyle adjustment will assist with management of the newly diagnosed illness. This essay will discuss a family memberRead MoreHow I Was Diagnosed With Type II Diabetic Mellitus1333 Words   |  6 Pagesdiagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus two years ago. I was been expected to be diagnosed with this types of disease until I went to hospital for annual physical examination for my nursing school. I knew my grandmother diagnosed with diabetes ten years ago but I never think about it. I was a health a person and do what I want and eat what I get without worrying for my health. It was very shocking news for me when my physic ian told me I was at risk to developed type II diabetes. After couples lab testRead MoreA Brief Note On Diabetes Mellitus Type II1141 Words   |  5 Pagesdiseases more prevalent in my family is Diabetes Mellitus type II. It has been the cause of death of one of my paternal great grandmothers, and now it is starting to develop in my maternal grandmother as prediabetes. Therefore, it is very important for me to identify the characteristics of this disease, its prevalence, its risk factors and prevention, and its treatments. According to the American Diabetes Association, type 2 diabetes, or non-insulin dependent diabetes, is defined as a chronic conditionRead MoreChild Diabetes Essay1142 Words   |  5 Pageshis or her entire life. Diabetes is a disease without a cure, and one that more, and more children have to live with. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that begins when the pancreas quits making insulin. Insulin plays a key role by letting glucose enter the body’s cells, and then uses it for energy. When the body doesn’t get the insulin it needs, too much sugar builds up in the blood. An individual often thinks of older people when they hear the word diabetes, but more often than notRead MoreA Brief Note On Diabetes And Its Effects982 Words   |  4 Pages Diabetes mellitus, simply known as diabetes, is a condition where the body does not process food properly (CDC). Originating in Europe and Africa, diabetes has become the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, in between pneumonia and Alzheimer s Disease. The pancreas, an organ located near the stomach, makes a hormone called insulin to help glucose get into the cell of our bodies. A person is diagnosed a diabetic when their bodies do not produce enough insulin or they cannot

Nutritional paper Free Essays

a. How did your recorded protein intake compare with the recommendation of the CNPP? Well, if my protein intake would be compared to the Nutritional recommendation of CNPP, I am not only doing well, I was able to surpass the requirement. In fact my total protein intake is around three times than the required amount. We will write a custom essay sample on Nutritional paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now By having such a high protein diet results to a healthy living because of the following reasons: Protein aids in the proper maintenance of body tissues, Protein composes a large part of our body’s muscles, system organs, enzymes and hormones; without which one’s body can never function properly. Without significant amount of protein in our body, we can never live because proteins are one of the primary building blocks, specifically hemoglobin, which helps to bring oxygen throughout the body. The body’s enzymes are also composed of Protein, which also composes antibodies to help our body fight against diseases and viruses. Also the body needs a lot of protein to develop well. Without protein the skin will rapture easily because it lacks Elastin, the specific macromolecule that gives elasticity to the skin. b. If your recorded protein intake was too high or too low, which foods might you change to achieve your goal and keep other nutrients in balance? Protein can basically be found in fish, meat, poultry, pork, lamb, shellfish, milk, cheeses, eggs, beans, tofu and many more. So basically if I lessen my food intake when it comes to the different kinds of food mentioned above, I can normalize my protein intake. Why normalize my protein intake, considering I mentioned a lot of benefits earlier in this paper? Every time I eat too much protein packed food, I am at risk of having high cholesterol, not only that but it also gives way to kidney complications. Considering that Protein filled foods have cholesterol, it also heightens the risk of having heart attack. c. Which foods in your recorded daily intake provide protein? As mentioned above, fish, meat, poultry, pork, lamb, shellfish, milk, cheeses, eggs, beans, tofu and nuts are examples of food that I eat that provides me with more than enough protein for my daily diet. d. Is the protein in each of these foods complete, or are they incomplete, thus combining to become complementary? Considering the fact that at the end of the day, I was able to eat tree times the recommended protein intake, I can definitely say that the protein in the food that I eat on a daily basis is complete. Not only that, but the food that I eat with protein has other food groups such as carbohydrates, and fats, hand in hand with vitamins and minerals that is good for my everyday diet. e. How much of your daily recommended protein intake did you achieve? Were you surprised by that number? If your protein is not where it needs to be, what can you do to bring it into the recommended range? Be specific. I was able to achieve 165gm (294.64 %) protein intake considering that the normal protein intake is 56gm (100%). I am surprised considering that I ate more than enough protein filled foods that what was recommended. Needless to say, I don’t need to increase my protein consumption but instead lessen it. f. Why is your protein intake within a recommended range important? What are the effects of too much protein? What happens if you consistently eat too little protein? If I eat less than what was recommended amount as I was explained above will hinder my body’s metabolism, weaken my muscle structure, weaken my immunity and decrease the amount of oxygen that flows through my blood. Another bad effect of too little protein intake would result to the slow rapture of the skin, and also my internal organs. g. Did your fiber total meet 100 percent of the recommendation for you as calculated by the CNPP website? I was only able to achieve a total of 71.79 percent of the goal when it comes to fiber intake. Since I barely passed my fruit and vegetable consumption requirement I was not able to take in enough fiber in accordance to the daily recommendation; considering that vegetables and fruits are the food groups which are considered fiber rich. Similar:Â  Nutrition h. Did you think your intake was too high, too low, or just right? Why do you think so? Fiber rich foods are important because they aid in proper digestion, plus they don’t have any bad effect in our body. So therefore it is not a question of having too much fiber but instead having too little fiber intake. Considering I was only able to reach 71.79 % of the recommended fiber intake, I think it is low and should be improved so that I can at least aid my body in the digestion of everything else I eat. i. Did your diet meet the minimum number of servings of foods from each fiber-containing group? Considering I ate enough vegetables and fruits to fulfill the daily requirement, I think I was able to eat enough fiber-containing food. The only problem is that I was not able to eat fiber-rich food. j. If you did not meet your minimum fiber requirement, which fiber-containing groups (fruits and vegetables) fell short of the recommended intake? Fruits can be considered the cause since I was only able to eat enough fruits to meet the requirement. Plus, not all fruits are as fiber rich as pineapples. k. Which specific foods provided the most fiber in your day’s meals? Which provided the least? Identify trends in your food choices that would affect your fiber intakes. Fruits and a various vegetables provided me with the fiber I needed. Grain has a small chance of having fiber but it still has some. But meat and milk has no fiber at all considering that they complete most of my diet would be the cause for my lack of fiber. l. What alterations might you make among your vegetables, fruit, meat and alternatives, or grain choices to increase the fiber in your meals? Possible alterations on my meals would be as follows: Eating oats, brown rice, mountain rice and unpolished rice instead of the normal type of grains; eating high fiber fruits such as Pineapples, Blackberries and Blueberries; eating meat that contains less fats so that my body wont need that much fiber to clean it out of my system; and eating a lot more vegetables, specifically the green type of vegetables. m. What contributions do meats and milk products make to the day’s fiber total? What advice about fiber would you give to someone who emphasizes meat and milk products at each meal? How would you tell him or her to change his or her diet? What foods would you tell him or her to include in his or her diet? Meats and Milk does not contain any fiber what so ever. Basically, if one prefers to eat an all meat and milk diet, one will not receive a single ounce of fiber in what they will be eating. Therefore I would suggest that the person increase their fiber consumption by eating unpolished rice, oats, fruits and vegetables. n. Did your meals include fiber-rich bean dishes such as chili, beans in a salad, or split pea soup? Anyone interested in obtaining fiber should find ways to eat some legumes each day. Unfortunately my diet does not contain much of all the beans included above, but knowing perfectly that I have to eat legumes such as beans I will decide to include it much more often than I already do. o. If you chose to drink fruit juice instead of to eat whole fruit, what would happen to the fiber content of your diet? If you chose to drink purchased fruit juice instead of to eat whole fruit, what would happen to the calorie content of your diet? There are some pros and cons when it comes to drinking fruit juice versus eating whole fruit. First of all, whole fruits contain more fiber than any juice drink can possibly have. On the other hand, fruit juices have fixed amounts of calories, vitamins, and carbohydrates such as fiber, therefore it is much easier to control ones intake of calories than simply estimating it when I eat whole fruits; since fruits are not all have the same sizes and nutritional content. J. Anderson, S. Perryman and L. Young Anderson, J., Perryman, S., and Young, L. Dietary Fiber. December 7, 2007 from http://www.ext.colostate.edu/PUBS/FOODNUT/09333.html North Western Nutrition. Nutritio Fact Sheet: Protein. December 7, 2007 from http://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/nutrition/factsheets/protein.html Fuchs CS, Giovannucci EL, Colditz GA, et al. Dietary fiber and the risk of colorectal cancer and adenoma in women. N Engl J Med 1999; 340:169-76. How to cite Nutritional paper, Essays

Little Women - Transcendentalist Analysis free essay sample

Little Women Louisa May Alcott was greatly influenced by the transcendentalists of her time. Transcendentalists believed that humans should pay more attention to their inner beings, rather than dawdle on superficial ways of living. In the novel, Little Women, published in 1868, Alcott uses her characters ordeals to stress that wealth is not the key to happiness. To begin with, it is important to stay genuine and not yearn for material items. Meg, the oldest of four sisters, attends a party where the best lothing that she owns cannot begin to compare with those of her wealthy friends. When her friends offer to doll her up with fancy items, Meg accepts, but ends up having a horrible time. By the end of the night, Meg thinks, l wish Id been sensible, and worn my own things; then I should not have disgusted other people or felt so uncomfortable and ashamed of myself (Alcott p. We will write a custom essay sample on Little Women Transcendentalist Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 96). This shows that Meg had to pay the high price of enjoying the party in order to temporarily own a few pretty clothes. One who is vain will not necessarily be happy. In addition, happiness can exist in a house full of love, family and content, regardless of its assets. Although the March sisters live in a snug-fitting home, it seems so much more welcoming than the enormous European mansions that Amy, the youngest sister, stays in when she travels abroad (Alcott p. 434). This demonstrates that Amy misses her own home because it is richer in livelihood than the empty mansions. When Meg starts a family of her own, her tiny house is frequently visited by many people. Even her wealthy riend, Sallie Moffat, drops by often, looking about her with wistful eyes, as if trying to discover the charm, that she might use it in her great house, full of splendid loneliness; for there were no riotous, sunny-faced babies there, and [her husband] lived in a world of his own, where there was no place for her (Alcott p. 408). This is important because it shows that a wealthier friend is Jealous of Megs home, even though Megs family is poor. A loving family is worth more in happiness than any material item. Nevertheless, money is pleasant to have, as long as one is happy. Although Amy has initially planned to marry Fred Vaughn for his riches, she declines when he finally proposes to her (Alcott p. 434). She realizes that she would rather be poor than to lead a marriage with no mutual love. Mrs. March best sums this up as, Money is a needful and precious thing, † and, when well used, a noble thing, † but I never want you to think it is the first or only prize to strive for. Id rather see you poor mens wives, if you were happy, beloved, contented, than queens on thrones, ithout self-respect and peace (Alcott p. 01). The girls mother has the best wishes in mind for her children, and she emphasizes how wealth is no match for contentment. Riches are only beneficent when individuals are happy. As is evident, wealth is not the focus of happiness. Luxury cannot compare toa loving home or being true to ones self. It can, however, be a wonderful addition to an already pleasant life. Alcott informs readers that happiness, rather than possessions, is the priority of life. Little Women Transcendentalist Analysis By happyapple

Nike Marketing Strategy free essay sample

The company truly came from humble beginnings as Knight sold their products from his car during track meets. During that same year the company reached a healthy profit of $8,000 and in two short years Bowerman and Knight opened its first retail store along Pico Boulevard in Santa Monica, California. In 1971, Blue Ribbon Sports severed its ties with Onitsuka Tiger and decided to create their own line of footwear. In the summer of the same year, they released their first shoe which carried the famous â€Å"Swoosh† design called Nike, a name inspired by the Greek goddess of victory.With the popularity of their first sneaker, Blue Ribbon Sports released its first line of Nike Shoes in 1972; however it was not until 1978 when the founders officially named the company Nike. Nike’s first original product was derived from Bowerman’s â€Å"Waffle† design. Bowerman conceived of different outsoles that would grip nicely to the new urethane track of the Hayward Field of the University of Oregon. We will write a custom essay sample on Nike Marketing Strategy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then, one Sunday morning, he got the ingenious idea of pouring liquid urethane into his wife’s waffle iron.This experiment became the forerunner of Bowerman’s famous 1974 Waffle Trainer. After just 16 years in the biz, Nike dominated over 50% of the market share in the US athletic shoe market. As a result, Nike went public in December 1980. The company attributes its marketing success to its â€Å"word of foot† (taken from a Nike slogan in the late 1970’s) style of advertising, rather than expensive television commercials. In October 1982, the company aired its first national television ad during the New York Marathon broadcast. The ad was created by Wieden Kennedy, an agency based in Portland, Oregon. Dan Wieden, co-founder of the ad agency, was the one who thought of Nike’s famous slogan, â€Å"Just Do It,† which was used in a 1988 Nike campaign. The slogan, considered as one of the top five slogans of the 20th century, debuted in print media in July 1, 1988 on the pages of the San Franciscan Walt Stack. Retired Basketball icon Michael Jordan with his world-famous Air Jordan shoe. Now, Nike is the leading authority in sports equipment.Nike products range from track running shoes, jerseys, shorts, and base layers for athletes from different sport disciplines such as basketball, baseball, football, volleyball, tennis, golf, cycling, track and field, wrestling, lacrosse, and cheerleading. By diversifying their product line, the company was able to peruse a wide range of athletic sponsorships for a different array of sports. Some notable Nike endorsers include basketball legend Michael Jordan, tennis champion Roger Federer and golf star Tiger Woods.Nike has also produced urban fashion clothing which has been popular with the youth. Recently, Nike has collaborated with Apple to come up a device which monitors a runner’s accomplishment through a radio device in the shoe which networks with the iPod nano. Apart from popular products such as the Michael Jordan line, Nike has come up with special shoes for extreme sports such as skateboarding. Also the company’s innovative attitude toward footwear design and composition continues to flourish with Nike’s latest development of weight reducing components: the Flywire and Lunarlite foam.

Organisation Behaviour

Organisation Behaviour

American Dream Lost

American Dream Lost It is the natural inclination of all men to dream. Some may have short-term goals, and others may have life-long ambitions. Despite what cynics say, the American people are hopeful and waiting for something great. In Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck paints a portrait of characters who, longing for something outside of their monotonous lives, each have a lost dream that supports Steinbecks view that the American dream is a lost cause. Lennies dream to tend to rabbits does not come true because of his own deficiencies and the obstacles of society. As Lennie and George, Lennies companion and protector, travel through the woods to their next ranch-hand job, George confronts Lennie about keeping a dead mouse in his pocket and demands Lennie hand it over, Lennie hesitate[s], back[s] away, look[s] wildly at the brush line as though he contemplated running for his freedom. George insists, The mouse aint fresh, Lennie; and besides, youve broke it pettin it, and reminds Lennie of his past history of killing mice, so, then Lennie look[s] sadly up at him Id pet em, and pretty soon they bit my fingers and I pinched their heads a little and then they was dead' (9-10). Lennie, who has a fetish for soft things, has the severe deficiency that he does not realize his own strength. His dream to own rabbits is important to him because he wants something to be responsible for, but it is obvious by his past history of roughness, and e ven his reluctance to hand the mouse over to George, that he is too reckless for his dream to ever to come true. In a conversation between Lennie and Curleys wife, Curleys wife tells Lennie that she has soft hair and that he may pet it, so, Lennies big fingers fell to stroking her hair Lennie said, Oh! Thats nice, and he stroked harder And then [Curleys wife] cried out angrily, You stop it now, youll mess it all up. She jerked her head sideways and Lennies fingers closed on her hair and hung on. Let go, she cried. You let go!' (99). Lennie panics, and, in an effort to silence her, shakes her so hard that he breaks her neck, showing that he has absolutely no self-control. He does not stop petting Curleys wifes hair when she asks him to, even demands him to, partly because he is too dumb, but also because he lacks the physical capacity to control himself. Although Lennie is inherently innocent, his dumbness and lack of self-control combined with his obsession with soft things and his unknown strength, produce a deadly formula. Unfortunately for Lennie, society does not understand his mental handicap (earlier in the book George makes reference to the fact that Lennie was kicked in the head as a boy), and because he murdered Curleys wife, George must shoot him. Before George shoots him, Lennie asks him to recite their shared dream aloud, We gonna get a little place, George began He reached in his side pocket and brought out [the gun] Look down there acrost the river, like you can almost see the place. And George raised the gun and steadied it, and he brought the muzzle of it close to the back of Lennies head He pulled the trigger (117). Lennies dream is his security blanket. His only measure of the seriousness of his actions is how it will affect his dream, and in his last moments of life, he asks to hear about it, still is too naive to realize that surely now it can never come true. After George pulls the trigger, Lennie dies along with the lost dream. For Lennie , the American dream is dead. Crooks dream does not come true for different reasons. A lonely man desperate for companionship, he has the ambition to work on George and Lennies future farm that will never become reality. When Lennie first tells Crooks about his and Georges plan to buy a piece of land, Crooks reacts, Youre nuts I seen hundreds of men come by on the road an on the ranches, with their bindles on their back an that same [darn] thing in their heads An never a [darn] one of them ever gets it. Crookss pattern of pessimism and negativity brings him down, and he even attempts to dampen the hopes of those around him, relating to Lennie that hundreds of men have passed through the ranch, all of them with dreams similar to Lennies, but not one of them, he emphasizes resentfully, ever manages to make that dream come true. However, when he hears more of the plan, he offers, If you guys would want a hand to work for nothing-just his keep, why Id come an lend a hand (80, 84). A plan so daring and uncertain requi res its followers to have absolute faith. Crooks, who never believes in the plan from the very start, has a great chance of suddenly giving up again. Crooks physical disability along with his race will prevent him from reaching his dream. Steinbeck narrates, Crooks, the Negro stable buck, had his bunk in the harness room; a little shed that leaned off the wall of the barn His body was bent over to the left by his crooked spine (73). Crooks is not allowed in the bunkhouse with the white ranch hands and remains in a forced isolated state. He wants a place where he can be independent and have some security, but there is no security for a black man in a prejudiced world, least of all one with a crooked back. Farm work requires strength and physical endurance, and though Crooks offers to do odd jobs for George and Lennie, he would only end up hindering them with his disability. While Lennie, Candy, and Crooks fantasize about the land they hope to have one day, Curleys wife enters and mak es attempts to draw all attention to herself. When Crooks tells her to leave, She turned on him in scorn. Listen, Nigger You know what I can do to you if you open your trap? Crooks stared hopelessly at her Yes maam.' Curleys wife retorts, Well, you keep your place then, Crooks had reduced himself to nothing. There was no personality, no ego-nothing to arouse either like or dislike. He said, Yes, maam, and his voice was toneless (88-89). The fact that Crooks is black cements his fate, and he realizes this. The moment Curleys wife, who on a larger scale actually represents all society, brings Crooks back to reality and keeps him down in his place, he loses the little bit of hope he had gained and again becomes nothing. The American dream that everyone has equal opportunity to achieve his goal through hard work and determination is dead to Crooks. Crooks pessimism, physical disability, and race prevent him from reaching his dream. Though Curleys wife, who walks the ranch as a temptress, seems to be cold and cruel, she too has a lost dream. Continuously throughout the novel, Curleys wife reminds those around her about the time a man came through town and told her that she could be a star. Another man told her that she was a natural and promised to write, but the letter never came. She tells Lennie, I always thought my ol lady stole it. Well, I wasnt going to stay no place where I couldnt get nowhere or make something of myself So I married Curley. Met him out to the Riverside Dance Palace that same night, (97). Curleys wife is a poor decision-maker because she does not think out her actions. Instead of pursuing her dream by taking acting lessons or moving to Hollywood, she marries Curley the same night she met him. Entering the marriage, she believes it is a means of escape, but she only ends up stuck in Salinas, even more tied down. In not giving Curleys wife a name, Steinbeck makes Curleys wife a universal ch aracter; she represents every woman. Curleys wife has no personal identity; she is only identified with her husband. A woman who does not have even an identity can never make it big or even on her own. Later, in the same barn scene, Curleys wife flirts with Lennie and encourages him to pet her hair. When she tells him to stop, Lennie becomes frightened and breaks her neck. Steinbeck describes, Curleys wife lay with a half-covering of yellow hay. And the meanness and the plannings and the discontent and the ache for attention were all gone from her face. She was very pretty and simple, and her face was sweet and young, (101). Even before Curleys wife dies, she is bound to remain in the same circumstance her entire life, never able to make anything of herself. Only in Curleys wifes death does Steinbeck grant her virtue, because only then does she dies does she regain her innocence. Her dream is lost forever, and now without all her plans for the future she becomes fully human. Steinbe ck seems to show through her that even the worst of us have our humanity. For Curleys wife, the American dream to rise out of ones humble roots will never be a reality. Lennie, Crooks, and Curleys wife all have lost dreams because of their own personal deficiencies and those society forces on them. To them, the American dream is dead. Although the loss of dreams is depressing, all men must eventually face this harsh reality of life.

Analysis and evidence-based findings on Alex Color Studio employee's Essay

Analysis and evidence-based findings on Alex Color Studio employee's relationship Conflict - Essay Example This approach is more concerned with how workplace relationships progress and how such conflicts can be predicted by examining underlying communication practices, quality of the existing relationships, employees satisfaction, career advancement and performance. Thus, relationship conflicts is a workplace is affected by poor communication strategies, lack of employee satisfactions due to pay or promotions, unavailability of career advancement chances, and the nature and quality of the relationships. The nature of conflicts in Axle Color Studio is mostly relationship conflicts as opposed to task conflicts. Alex and Jackie admitted of there being several cases of relationship conflicts despite their constant argue to their employees not to bring personal conflicts into the salon. The interview revealed that there have been many visible instances of relationship conflicts between staff members which cause strain on assistant-stylist relationship when we are understaffed with assistants. Much of the relationship conflicts identified by Alex and Jackie are traced to the stylists’ relationship outside the salon. Due to the fact that the salon has few employees, their relationship is more personal and thus, extends outside the salon and thus external conflicts are extended from outside the salon into the salon. Even though Alex and Jackie have tried to persuade their employees to avoid mixing outside issues with the salon issues relationship conflicts have continued to be inevitable in Axle Color Studio. Stylists in the salon agree that conflict in the salon has very negative energy as conflicts between two employees causes the other employees around them to become stressed out which causes the salon’s atmosphere to then become tense and unpleasant. Intensified conflicts results into an overworked staff and it can be translated into their clients too. A client getting an experience in a tense and an unwelcoming environment is not likely to

Laws And Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Laws And Nursing - Essay Example Nursing is the art of caring and tending to an ailing person or animal or any living thing for that matter. However, unlike other arts it also bears a deep relation with science (Cubacub, 2009). Owing to its artistic side nursing involves proficiency and also set methods and science in its most technical form owing to the scientific aspect. As with every other field in this world, nursing also incorporates within it, laws and ethics with nursing laws being based on nursing ethics. Ethics according to the Oxford Dictionary is ‘principles namely moral principles that govern how a person conducts an activity and the principles that govern a person’s behavior’ (Press, Ethics, 2010) . On the other hand the Oxford dictionary defines law in these terms (putting the meaning in simple words); the system of rules which a country employs and uses to regulate and control the actions and doings of its members (Press, Law, 2010). NMC, short for Nursing and Midwifery Council, is a council or a body that deals with almost every single side of nursing including the laws and ethics. It functions by regulating the nurses and midwives in different parts of the Great Britain such as; England, Scotland, Wales, the Islands and Northern Ireland (NMC, What we do, 2010). Their first and foremost concern is to safeguard and protect the wellbeing of public. (NMC, Factsheet: Assessment and investigation of fitness to practice referrals to the NMC, 2010) Informed consent in this matter is the most influential seeming aspect of law. It is a legal procedure that ensures the knowhow and knowledge of a patient regarding the potential risks and methods of a procedure or treatment plan (Cherry n.d.). This provides with an opportunity to the patients or clients in a health care system to make decisions regarding the matters of health and treatment plan. Consent could either be expressed or implied and depending upon the situation a t hand, either one of them is applicable and mandatory (Abbas 2012). Expressed consent is the most widely used and most applicable form of consent used in clinical practice. In this form, the patient willingly and verbally gives his consent regarding a medical or health procedure, etc. On the other hand, the patient does not verbally give consent in implied consent but rather his actions or body language clearly indicate that the consent has been given for example when a patient presents his arm for the administration of an injection, etc. however, the distinction between these two becomes unclear in clinical practice and requires careful evaluation of the situation by the physician and the nurse. Considering the role of a nurse in obtaining an informed consent, it is not the nurse’s duty to explain the technical details of a medical procedure but rather that of the physician. However, she is responsible for obtaining the patient’s signature on the consent form. These signatures imply that the consent was voluntary, not coercive and authentic and also that the nurse witnessed the physician asking for consent and the patient agreeing to it (Abbas 2012). In order for a nurse to protect herself from the legal implications, obtaining an informed consent is the most important and foremost responsibility. Any nurse who fails to do so is liable to legal action. Trehan and Sankhari (2002) explain in their work that any procedure started without first informing the patient about it and obtaining his consent would be labeled as â€Å"battery† which is liable to strict legal action being a crime in nature. Moreover they elucidate that blanket consent is no more valid in essence of legality. Not only this but also it is vital to document the consent taking for future medico-legal references. Ideally, a duplicate of the consent document should be handed over to the patient so that both parties possess the requisite information with them which can be re produced when need be (Trehan, Sankhari, 2002). As far as the legal perspectives of informed consent are considered, the

Domestic Adoptions Costs are Entirely to Expensive Essay Example for Free

Domestic Adoptions Costs are Entirely to Expensive Essay The costs of domestic adoption are entirely to expensive. Every year in the U. S. alone there are over a hundred thousand children waiting and available for adoption; but because of the high cost, they may never be adopted. In most cases domestic adoption is way too expensive, ranging from $2,500 up to $40,000 depending on the child and his individual circumstances (â€Å"Costs of Adopting,† par. 2). The longer a child has to wait to be adopted, they are more likely to develop psychological problems due to trauma cause by their own birth family, multiple moves while in foster care and all types of abuse. There are so many great families and couples out there longing to adopt a child who cannot afford the price tag that is put on children that are placed for adoption. I believe the cost of domestic adoptions should be minimized to make it affordable for all families and couples, to ensure that every child gets the chance to have a family of his own and a healthy childhood instead of waiting in foster care or orphanages too long. Adopting a healthy infant in the U. S. typically costs $5,000 to $25,000 and can go up from there depending on the circumstances of the infant and birth mother or birth parents (â€Å"The Changing.. ,† par. 1). Still this is a hefty price to pay and if the infant is not adopted it may end up in the foster care system for years. In 1998 only 36,000 children from foster care were adopted, which was an increase of 5,000 since 1997, when only 31,000 were adopted. These numbers of adoption may seem high, but at least 100,000 of the children available for adoption were not adopted, leaving them without a family. The average age of the children adopted was 7 years (â€Å"Adoption Fact Sheet†), but still why should any child have to wait this long? In 2005 the number of children available for adoption, waiting in public foster care totaled 115,407 (â€Å"Children in Public†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). There are so many children now who are waiting to be adopted. Here in the U. S. 20% of the 650,000 children in an out of home placement are available for adoption. Many of these children have special needs, which could possibly lower their adoption cost (â€Å"What You Should†¦,† par. 3). While waiting for a family and home to call their own these children usually experience some kind of trauma caused by their birth family or moving from home to home while in foster care simply because something just didn’t work out right. In this process some of the children may have been physically , emotionally or sexually abused (What You Should†¦,† par. 4). All of these situations can cause harm to the child and permanently scar him for emotionally. Most of these children cannot form any secure attachments because of the trauma they have experienced. The attachment process is very important and has a lifelong impact on all children. Therefore it is so important for all children to be in a good healthy environment where they will be able to develop healthy and secure attachments. I believe this is why it is so important for a child to be adopted quickly and not have to wait for years where so much important and precious time is lost. There are so many couples and families who want to adopt but adoption is not within their reach because of the high costs. If the costs were lowered many more children would be adopted into great homes. You do not need to be loaded with money to be a great parent and to provide a loving and nourishing home for a child to grow up in. There are some ways to help couples and families pay for adoption such as employer benefits, tax credits, or adoptions loans and grants; but the problems with these options is that not all couples or families meet the qualifications to receive any help (â€Å"Adoption Cost). With loans you must meet specific qualifications and then pay back money loaned. When it comes to grants there is also a list of qualifications that weed out a lot of prospective parents. As for the employer benefits, only a third of U. S. employers offer this (â€Å"The Changing†¦,† par. 4). The federal government offers tax credits only to families who privately adopt infants, but does not offer the same support to families who adopt children in foster care (Wright, par. 3). Money drives almost everything in adoption. A fact which causes the line between baby selling and adoption services to become blurred is that many attorney’s fees are very high and unreasonable (Wright, par. 11). There are many reasons one may say that adoption costs of up to $40,000 is reasonable. Usually the agency a prospective parent must go through to adopt, has typical adoption services they provide: including professional services for both the adoptive and birth parents, birth parent expenses, new born care and services, legal and investigative expenses, salaries and employee benefits and general insurance (â€Å"Why Does Adoption†¦,†). These costly services do add up; but I do believe a few things should be done differently that would lower the costs of these services. If the birth mother does not have insurance, she can be on Medicaid to cover prenatal and postnatal healthcare. We pay in taxes to cover such things every day. I also believe that if the adoptive parent has a contract to adopt a child, then that child should be placed on the adoptive parent’s insurance for his medical needs. Doing these things could cut down on the costs greatly. Plus if more children could be adopted from foster care sooner, that alone would save the government a lot of money that is paid to keep the children up. I do not understand how anyone can put such a price on a child’s life and well being. What is more important, the child having a great fulfilling life or sitting in an orphanage or foster home for years and possibly experiencing some awful things, because people who would love to have them and take care of them cannot afford to adopt them? It all seems to me like the whole adoption process is nothing but selling babies and children. Why should you have to pay so much for a child when you are making a commitment to provide and care for and cherish them for the rest of your life? You will be responsible for all their need in the following years and that should be quite enough payment to put forth. You must have a home study completed before you can begin the adoption process. This ensures that you are able to provide a good sufficient home for a child; so why not lower the costs of adoption? It’s not like unfit couples or families would be able to adopt just because they may be able to afford it. I don’t see how any child deserves to be without the love of a family. You should not have to be rich to be able to afford adoption costs, a families status should have nothing to do with wither they can give a child a loving, nourishing and stable home. I truly believe if adoption costs were lowered more children would have loving homes and couples who cannot have a child of their own or those who have a child or children already would be able to complete their lives by adopting. This would benefit everyone involved: every child without a family, every hopeful future parent and family who yearns for another child to make their lives complete. Works Cited â€Å"Adoption Cost†. A Child to Love. 3 Sept. 2009. http://www. achildtolove. com/cost/. â€Å"Adoption Fact Sheet†. Child Welfare League of America. March 1999. http://www. cwla. org/p rintable/printpage. asp. â€Å"Children in Public Foster Care Waiting to be Adopted: FY 1999 thru FY 2005†. Administration for Children and Families. 1Sept. 2009. http://wwwacf. hhs. gov/programs/cb/stats_ research/afcars/waiting2005. htm. â€Å"Costs of Adopting†. Child Welfare Information Gateway. 2004. 25 Aug. 2009. http://www. ch iLdwelfare. gov/pubs/s_cost/index. cfm. â€Å"The Changing Face of Adoption†. Parents. com. September 2001. 30 Aug. 2009. http://www. parents. com/parents/story. jhtml? storyid=templatedata/parents/story/data3225.. . â€Å"What You Should Know Before You Adopt A Child†. Institute for Attachment and Child Development. 4 April 1997. 28 Aug. 2009. http://www. inststuteforattachment. org/arti Cles/article43. htm. â€Å"Why Does Adoption Cost So Much? †. American Adoptions. 29 Aug. 2009. http://american adoPtions. com/adopt/article_view/article_id/3179? PHPSESSID=235†¦. Wright, Graham. â€Å"Money, Power and Accountability: The â€Å"Business† Of Adoption†. The Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institution. November 1999. 27 Aug. 2009. http://adoption Institute. org/procd/confessions/transtest13. html.

Intent as a dichotomic agent between folk psychology and identity theory :: essays research papers

The framework of choice for the contemporary philosophers of mind is physicalism, a position that integrates the study of mind within the ‘scientific’ human knowledge regulated by the laws of matter and energy. In this paper, I will provide arguments that support the incompatibility between two different theories of mind, namely mind-brain identity theory (IT) and folk psychology (FP) on logical grounds. The first part of the essay will familiarize the reader with the basic concepts, definitions and some of the key arguments employed by IT and FP. Let us begin with a summary about identity theory. Simply put this theory holds that states and processes of the mind are identical to states and processes of the brain. To make use of an example, our experience of pain it is exactly reflected by a corresponding neurological state in the brain, i.e. C-fibres firing. From this point of view, the mind is the brain – they are identical. However, this identity is only contingent, i.e. its confirmation relies upon ulterior scientifical advancements. There are two types of identity theories: type-identity theory and token-identity theory. The later is just a moderate derivation of the former, by proposing a not so radical claim, i.e. that supports the identity of particular instances (tokens) of mental states (e.g. a particular pain ) with correspondent particular brain states. Type-identity theory on the other hand, assumes a stronger position of strict identity, i.e. that pain as a type of mental state, is identical with a particul ar brain state. In this paper I refer to identity theory as type-identity theory (IT). The initiator of this theory was U.T. Place, and his innovative essay “Is Counsciousness a Brain Process'; (1956) greatly influenced J.J.C. Smart. Consequently, in “Sensations and Brain Processes'; (1959) Smart asserts that “processes reported in sensation statements are in fact processes in the brain';. IT theorists object against the “physical irreducibility'; of mental states, i.e. that they are something misterious and eluding physical laws, and so they deny the existence of the soul or counsciousness as something irreducible physical. Smart, a converted IT from behaviorist theory, doesn’t consider sensations or mental states as behaviors or dispositions, but type-identical with brain states; so pain, belief, desire are nothing else but neural firing, chemical release and whatever else might happen in the brain at that moment. Therefore, just as lightning is nothing but an electrical discharge, so pain just is C-fibers firing in the brain. Intent as a dichotomic agent between folk psychology and identity theory :: essays research papers The framework of choice for the contemporary philosophers of mind is physicalism, a position that integrates the study of mind within the ‘scientific’ human knowledge regulated by the laws of matter and energy. In this paper, I will provide arguments that support the incompatibility between two different theories of mind, namely mind-brain identity theory (IT) and folk psychology (FP) on logical grounds. The first part of the essay will familiarize the reader with the basic concepts, definitions and some of the key arguments employed by IT and FP. Let us begin with a summary about identity theory. Simply put this theory holds that states and processes of the mind are identical to states and processes of the brain. To make use of an example, our experience of pain it is exactly reflected by a corresponding neurological state in the brain, i.e. C-fibres firing. From this point of view, the mind is the brain – they are identical. However, this identity is only contingent, i.e. its confirmation relies upon ulterior scientifical advancements. There are two types of identity theories: type-identity theory and token-identity theory. The later is just a moderate derivation of the former, by proposing a not so radical claim, i.e. that supports the identity of particular instances (tokens) of mental states (e.g. a particular pain ) with correspondent particular brain states. Type-identity theory on the other hand, assumes a stronger position of strict identity, i.e. that pain as a type of mental state, is identical with a particul ar brain state. In this paper I refer to identity theory as type-identity theory (IT). The initiator of this theory was U.T. Place, and his innovative essay “Is Counsciousness a Brain Process'; (1956) greatly influenced J.J.C. Smart. Consequently, in “Sensations and Brain Processes'; (1959) Smart asserts that “processes reported in sensation statements are in fact processes in the brain';. IT theorists object against the “physical irreducibility'; of mental states, i.e. that they are something misterious and eluding physical laws, and so they deny the existence of the soul or counsciousness as something irreducible physical. Smart, a converted IT from behaviorist theory, doesn’t consider sensations or mental states as behaviors or dispositions, but type-identical with brain states; so pain, belief, desire are nothing else but neural firing, chemical release and whatever else might happen in the brain at that moment. Therefore, just as lightning is nothing but an electrical discharge, so pain just is C-fibers firing in the brain.

Psychological and Sociological Theories of Domestic Violence

Domestic violence is a crime that occurs regularly within the United States. It claims millions of victims each year. There is not a specific cause to establish why domestic violence occurs. However, it has been documented that domestic violence is a product of physical, emotional, sexual, psychological, and any other forms of torture or torment that the particular abuser wishes to employ to gain control or power over their victims (Gosselin, 2005). Due to the complexity of this crime, many criminologists and socialologists have studied its causes and the effects in order to determine social policies and additional theories to better understand the causation of domestic violence. The social policies and theories that are developed from this research can better explain, educate, and assist the victims of domestic abuse, the judicial system, and law enforcement on how to gain a clearer understanding regarding the relationship between crime causation, criminal behavior, and domestic abuse (Greene, Heilburn, Fortune and Nietzel, 2007). Most importantly, the much needed research and data will empower law enforcement with the much needed knowledge to respond and combat the growing epidemic of domestic violence. Crime theories can be grouped into four categories: biological, sociological, psychological, and social-psychological. Each of these theories have assisted the criminal justice system by providing specific knowledge and data that has been helpful with the establishment of laws (specific laws that fit the crime of domestic violence such as the stalking law), sentencing practices (different punishment guidelines for acts of domestic abuse that differ from non-domestic situations), and social policies (aid and education for abuse victims) (Greene, Heilburn, Fortune and Nietzel, 2007). In addition to existing theories, new theories are developed based on the research concluded from studies involving crime victim statistics and punishment of offenders. These theories are established in hopes to develop a means to an end for domestic abuse. Hopefully, there will be a theory developed to end the vicious cycle of abuse so the actions of an abuser can be identified before fatal incidents of abuse begin. When referring to the causation of domestic violence, more than one theory can assist in the explanation of its causation. In my opinion, the sociological theory and the psychological theory best explain the causation of domestic abuse. The sociological theory, otherwise known as the social theory, believes that criminals commit crimes due to social forces, cultural differences, specific religious beliefs, and/or as a result of their surroundings (low income or poverty stricken areas) (Gosselin, 2005). The sociological theory contains two subtopic theories which are called structural and subcultural theories. The structural theory, which applies to domestic violence, believes that individuals who possess low or lack of educational opportunities, a low income status, and/or a lack of community support are susceptible to choose a life of criminal activity (Greene, Heilburn, Fortune and Nietzel, 2007). This theory relates to domestic violence, because it has been established that economic stress is a trigger for abuse, as well as, cultural differences. Offenders that suffer from loss of employment, poverty, limited access to cash or credit, or that have someone who is dependent on them solely for support are, at times, triggered by the stress and lash out on the victim in a physical or emotional manner which results in domestic abuse (Gosselin, 2005). Cultural differences, such as, beliefs that women are inferior to males or women are the property of males, have also sparked incidents of domestic violence which have claimed victims not only in the United States but worldwide. An additional theory that falls under the umbrella of the sociological theory which, in my opinion, explains domestic violence is the rational choice theory. The rational choice theory has laid the groundwork to establish a better understanding regarding social and economically driven behavior (Schacter, Gilbert, & Wegner, 2009). This theory believes that an individual will choose criminal behavior by â€Å"free will† after weighing out the rewards and benefits verses the consequences or punishment for their behavior (Gosselin, 2005). In essence, the abuser will choose domestic violence as a means to the end since they feel control and domination is necessary in order to coexist within personal relationships. On the other hand, if the offender believes the risks outweigh the ability achieve personal gain, control, or satisfaction, he or she may choose not to commit the abuse (Schacter, et al. , 2009). I believe this theory explains the restraint an abuser displays when they carefully select the type of abuse administered to their victims and the length of time they choose to enact the abuse. Most abusers will not openly abuse their victims in front of others in order to deter detection. Detection is not an option for most abusers, since they are familiar with the consequences of their actions. A second example of a theory that would explain domestic violence would be the social learning theory. This theory falls under the category of the psychological theory. The social learning theory is the most relevant theory that applies to criminology. â€Å"Behavior is supported by rewards and extinguished by negative reactions or punishments† (Siegel, 2007, p. 109). The social learning theory believes people are not born with the ability to act in a violent manner. However, theorists suggest and believe aggressive and violent behavior is learned through observation, life experience, and society which will cause an individual to be aggressive and violent to others (Siegel, 2008). It is further believed the behavior manifests in young children when they are subjected to violence and /or aggression they observe from adult role models. In addition, social learning theorists believe this behavior is learned through a process called behavior modeling/modification. The study of behavior is paramount, in order to establish a framework of understanding regarding the motivation behind the abuser’s criminal activity. Behavioral modeling/modification can be described in three principle sources that cause criminal behavior. The sources are family interactions, interactions with mass media, and environmental experiences (Gosselin, 2005). Understanding behavioral modification is important in order to comprehend the root cause of criminal activity. In my opinion and experience with dealing with offenders, the concept of behavioral modification helps to better understand domestic abuse when it occurs from the hands of a previous victim who has turned to a life of offending. There are a number of abusers who claim to have suffered from issues pertaining to relationships with family, had adverse interactions with mass media (pornography), or have suffered adverse environmental experiences (homeless or unemployed) that have caused them to lack the skills needed to maintain a productive relationship within society. The study of family interactions has shown that aggressive children are a part of a family whose members use similar tactics with others, thus, implanting the seed for future abuse. Secondly, studies regarding the effects that mass media have on individuals has shown that video games, television, and other mass media that depicts violence in a rewarding manner, influence the behavior of an individual in a number of ways that can result in future criminal behavior (Siegel, 2008). Lastly, environmental studies regarding he effects society and culture have on an individual, has provided data that concluded individuals from low income areas, which are riddled with crime, are prone to act aggressively more so than individuals who hail from areas with lower crime rates (Siegel, 2008). Thus, observation and learned behavior will lay the groundwork for continued aggressive behavior which may remain with an individual throughout adulthood. Finally, stress due to observing adverse behavior and /or the psychological or emotional effects of learned behavior can be a catalyst for an individual to apply what they have learned by engaging in criminal acts. This may cause repeated cycles of criminal, aggressive, or violent behavior (Siegel, 2008). As we have learned from domestic abuse incidents, a number of abusers do come from low income areas, have endured stress from the observations and learned behavior of others, possess cultural differences, and/or were previously victimized in their lifetime. The cycle of domestic violence is another example that is supported in the psychological theory category. From the previous explanation, it is logical to conclude that the social learning theory suggests the cycle of domestic violence can be explained by the social learning theory. Through learning the weaknesses and observing the shortcomings of a potential victim, the abuser will use their knowledge to enact abuse. The cycle of violence theory, which falls under the psychological theory category, believes there is â€Å"substantial evidence that a generational cycle of violence occurs in domestic assaults† (Gosselin, 2005, p. 77). Many abusers will admit that they have been subjected to a number of factors, such as, being a victim of former abuse at the hands of an immediate family member, have observed the effects of abuse on others, or suffered from stress that allowed them to believe abuse is a means to an end. Personal choice, as referred to by the rational choice theory, suggests the abuser does understand the causes and effects of his or her actions by the selective methods they choose to inflict the abuse. In summary, the exact causation of domestic violence is a mystery. The true and exact reasoning used by an abuser will remain inside their mind unless they honestly offered to explain their actions. Based on statistical data and research provided by criminologists, we can understand the effect abuse has on an individual, as well as, the methods used to commit the offense. Theories are mere suggestions of what may cause incidents. They do not provide the specific answers needed to end the abuse. However, theories do empower law enforcement officers and victimologists with the much needed knowledge to combat abuse and assist victims.

How multi agencies work together Essay

There are many agencies that we work with to help with children and young peoples development. When we look at behavioural development, social interactions and speech development all these agencies link together. We use nursery transition days to help the child settle into their new environments and arrange intake visits and meetings with the school for a smoother transition. Social services is used if we have any concerns of a child’s well being so then police and a designated social worker would also be involved. The health team are always on hand to help if any families need support with parenting or any development issues. They will then offer parents appropriate courses such as nurturing. At Playgroup we can point in the right direction of any help needed such as our family intervention officers who go into the family homes and will discuss any problems families may have. We run a language and play session which families are invited to where they can enjoy some one to one time with their child to do various activities that will enhance development and build parents confidence too. We have various teachers who can give us support too that work within flying start that can give advice on children’s development and help observe children if we feel there are any problems. Also we can offer one to one support to children if they need it as many of us have had relevant training through senco. We work with health visitors on a daily basis as they are in the same building as us. They give us all relevant information on new children due to start and if there are any concerns with children already with us. We would discuss any issues we have with any children to the designated health visitor of the child as they have all relevant information on that child. Sogs assessments are a good way to see if a child is lacking in any developmental stage and these are used to determine if any outside agencies are called in to discuss anything further. We have also worked closely with social services and have attested child protection conferences. These help us understand what is going on with the child in their home environment and will help us understand if there have been changes in the child’s development at Playgroup too. We are able to keep all information confidential and it is only available to the relevant people involved. All staff are made aware of any children that are put on the child protection  list and all staff have their child protection training updated so we are aware of what we do if we are unsure of a child’s well being.

The Wittig Reaction Lab Report Essays

The Wittig Reaction Lab Report Essays The Wittig Reaction Lab Report Paper The Wittig Reaction Lab Report Paper Witting discovered the route to alikeness through yield molecules (1). Witting was educated originally at Tubing; Witting spent periods at Brainwashing, Prefigure, back to Tubing again before taking up the post as director of the organic chemistry department at Heidelberg (1 Witting became an emeritus professor in 1967, where he remained until the end of his notable career (1). In 1967, he won the Otto Hahn Prize, and in 1979, he and Herbert C. Brown were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for their development of the use of boron and phosphorus- intonating compounds for important reagents in organic synthesis (1). The foundation of the Witting reaction is not complex. Phosphorus is a second row element in-group 5 like nitrogen, but unlike nitrogen, has the ability to expand its valence from 3 to 4, 5, or even 6 (1). The stable 5 valences are met in compounds like phosphoric acid and PC (1 Witting discovered that phosphates, which are the phosphorus equivalent of amines, easily form phosphorous salts with alkyl halides and that these salts readily lose HEX with strong base. This product is called an yield or a phosphorous. The yield is a polar molecule with a carbonic carbon. Figure 1. How to make a phosphorus yield (1) In relation to stereotypical, such as CICS/trans, or E/Z, is still not fully understood in the reaction (2). Trustworthinesss tend normally to give the Z- (CICS) isomer. Troubleshooting or the presence of groups that stabilize the yield tends to give E- (Trans) geometry (2). The Witting reaction can tolerate all types of functionality. The trans-isomer is more stable and the preferred product or the only product in certain reactions due in part to the reduction of sterile hindrance ND eliminating orbital overlap. Figure 2. Mechanism for phosphorus yields denoting CICS/trans-isomers (1) The Witting is basically used to convert a carbonyl group, C=O, into an alikeness, C=C. A phosphorus yield is formed and obtained by the treatment of a phosphorus salt with a strong base. These yields are very stable due to resonance and highly reactive (2). Phosphorus yields are generally not isolable and are treated with carbonyl compounds. Once the yield has been generated, it is added to a carbonyl group to give the intermediate known as obtained and is followed by the elimination of the hosepipe oxide. This elimination has been calculated to occur after the formation of a four-members ring known as an speakerphone. Based on the latest laboratory evidence, such as x-ray diffraction, the Witting reaction may proceed directly through the speakerphone intermediate (2). Figure 3. How to make alikeness using the Witting reaction (1) This reaction goes so well due in part to the formation of the immensely strong P-O bond. The strong bases used to make the yield can be the sodium hydride (NaH), and sodium amide (Anna ). If we have a more acidic H to abstract a eager base such as Note or even An could be used in the reaction. Another variant on the Witting reaction that is much easier to control and cheaper to carry out is the Witting-Hornier reaction (1). This reaction uses a phosphate ester instead of a phosphate, manufacturing a more reactive yield. Figure 4. Mechanism for Witting-Hornier reaction (1) In the Witting reaction, an organic phosphorus compound with a formal double bond between phosphorus and carbon is reacted with a carbonyl compound. The oxygen of the carbonyl compound is exchanged for carbon, forming a reduce known as an olefin (2). The method for making olefins has opened up new possibilities, especially for the synthesis of biologically active substances containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds. For example, vitamins such as vitamin A are synthesized industrially using the Witting reaction. DATA RESULTS The Witting reaction-synthesis of trans-9-(2-phenylalanine) anthracite yielded . 067 g of crystals and a 47 % yield. Under Witting-Hornier parameters, we could hypothesize achieving a yield in the 65 % range. After 30 minutes of reaction time, the solution was removed and 1. L of water and deceleration were added to the vial. The organic (bottom) layer was extracted and placed in a test tube. Calcium chloride pellets were added to dry the deceleration layers and the solvent was removed under vacuum. After approximately 15, minutes a solid had formed and 3 ml of I-propane were added and heated on a hot plate in the hood. The solution was allowed to cool to room temperature then placed in ice to reform crystals. The crystals were vacuum filtered using the Hirsch funnel apparatus and washed with cold deceleration. The crystals were removed ND were yellow-gold in color and shinny, somewhat metallic in nature. A melting point was obtained and fell in the range of 126-128 as compared to the literature value of 130-132 (2). The melting point could have been lowered due in part to some residual solvent. DISCUSSION The basis of conducting this Witting reaction was to use benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride with 50% Noah, Witting reagent (yield) and 9-enthralled to yield the trans-9-(2-phenylalanine) anthracite. This molecule has a melting point of 130-132 C.

Ethical issues in social media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical issues in social media - Essay Example The affected organization was PayPal. Cyber criminals managed to develop a fake website that aped the original PayPal website. In order to obtain clients’ trust to reveal financial details, the conmen directed people to fake website through link in an email (Shannon, 2013). In the email, they required the users to log on to purported PayPal website and change their passwords only to give fraudsters critical financial details that left them penniless. For some PayPal clients, financial details were used to transfer money to fake recipients (Shannon, 2013). In the PayPal Incident, the client is the loser (Shannon, 2013). For instance, after reporting to the real PayPal about their incident, most clients are dismissed and PayPal calls it as the fault the client who did not identify the email as fraud. The damage was caused by lack of proper customer education on how to prevent online fraud. This could also be connected with user ignorance as there are terms and conditions that one abides to when registering as a member in companies like PayPal (Shannon, 2013). The root cause of the problem was increased cases of phishing where criminals target online banks and companies for their customers’ personal details. Consequently, target companies should work on educating their clients and require them to take all necessary precautions to keep personal security information secret. However, there is a requirement that with evidence of fraudster involvement, organizations are required to refund their clients (Shannon, 2013). In the case of PayPal phishing, the organization dismissed the client for relying on speculation and this made the situation worse as the client did not know who else to turn to (Coombs, 2009). The organization should have understood that the client is the boss and with such an alarm raised, there was need to understand the type of crisis the organization was facing. With a clear definition of the

A Profitable Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A Profitable Business - Research Paper Example After adding up these costs, the value of unsold goods (closing stock) is deducted to give the cost of goods sold. When the COGS is deducted from total revenues from sales, the gross profit is achieved. Gross profit is also known as operating profit because it is a measure of the manufacturing operations of the business. Net profit is calculated after deducting general, selling and administrative expenses from the gross profit. These expenses include items like electricity expenses, depreciation, salaries of office staff, and other expenses related to the day to day running of the business (Pride, Hughes, and Kapoor 513). Sometimes, other income such as interest on loans, etc. is added to the gross profit. The net profit is a measure of the profitability of the business as it represents the amount that would be shared among the shareholders. For this reason, investors use net profit to determine the earnings per share (EPS) by dividing the net profit by the number of outstanding shar es. This tells investors how much return each share of the business earns for shareholders. 2. Misconceptions about Revenues and Expenses A common misconception new business owners have about revenues is that they are the same as profit. Revenues measure what a business received by selling its products. Profit is calculated after deducting expenses from revenues. ... Secondly, when accounting for business operations, the amount of revenue and expenses reported may differ. Under the cash-based accounting method, revenues and expenditures are identified when cash is collected or paid. But under the accrual accounting system, revenues and expenditures are identified when the right to receive or duty to pay has been established. The cash may be received at a later time. New business owners also sometimes fail to distinguish expenses from costs. For accounting purposes, cost is usually used to mean the price of a long-term benefit such as a fixed asset. On the other hand, expenses such as electricity payments and office stationery are payments in the course of the normal running of the business. Some new business owners also hold a misconception that all expenses involve payment of cash. In some cases, such as depreciation expense, there may be no payment of cash. Depreciation and amortization expenses simply involve the spreading of a cost over the p eriod during which the benefits of the cost are realized by the business. 3. Business Management Software InFlow is one of the most popular inventory management software for small and medium-sized businesses. Launched in 2007, it allows for products to be organized into categories with picture and price identification. Furthermore, the system also allows items to be tracked at the aisle and bin level. It supports bar code scanning for efficient point of sale operations. Users can have real-time access to the updated data. The system also produces invoices, purchase orders and other documentation. Customized sales, profit and cost reports can also be produced. The company offers a free edition of the software that has a capacity of storing up to 100 products (InFlow, 2013). QuickBooks is